Located on the western edge of the Balkan section of the Via Egnatia, for centuries the city of Durres represented an ideal gateway to the eastern territories of the Roman Empire, serving as a strategic port on the route between Italy and Constantinople throughout the Late Antiquity. The importance of the town between the 5th and 6th centuries is attested by the still surviving massive brick walls that literary sources attribute to the reign of Emperor Anastasius I and by the remains of a large circular building unearthed at the center of the ancient urban plan that is generally identified as a macellum/forum. Recent analysis of this unique public monument in early Byzantine Durres has allowed not only for the creation of a new model of the building, which until now lacked adequate documentation of its archaeological remains, but also for the enriched understanding of certain aspects connected to the graphic restoration of its architectural image, very probably influenced by the aulic model of the magnificent Forum Constantini. The analysis of the masonry technique and of the architectural elements recovered in the area has allowed for the generation of some hypotheses for the reconstruction of its spatial organization, elevations, and the urban context in which it was located, compelling us to reconsider the building’s function in light of the newly acquired data. What emerges is a structure of strong ideological value and great visual impact, characterized by a circular plaza maybe defined by two-level marble porticoes that framed a tall central monument, identifiable as an honorary column, that represented the focal point of the entire composition.
Avamposto occidentale del tratto balcanico della Via Egnatia, la città di Durazzo ha rappresentato per secoli l’ideale porta di accesso ai territori orientali dell’Impero Romano, costituendo per tutta la tarda antichità uno scalo portuale strategico nelle rotte tra l’Italia e Costantinopoli. L’importanza assunta dall’abitato tra V e VI secolo è ancora oggi testimoniata dalla poderosa cinta difensiva in mattoni, che le fonti attribuiscono al regno di Anastasio I, e dai resti di un vasto edificio a pianta circolare localizzato al centro dell’antico circuito urbano e genericamente identificato come macellum/forum. Il recente studio condotto sulle strutture di questo singolare monumento pubblico della Durazzo protobizantina ha consentito non solo di realizzare un nuovo rilievo dell’edificio, di cui mancava ad oggi una adeguata documentazione dei resti archeologici, ma anche di approfondire gli aspetti legati alla restituzione grafica della sua immagine architettonica, con tutta probabilità ispirata al modello aulico del grandioso Forum Constantini. Inoltre, attraverso i dati ricavati dall’analisi delle murature e degli elementi architettonici rinvenuti nell’area, è stato possibile effettuare alcune ipotesi ricostruttive delle volumetrie, degli alzati e del contesto urbano nel quale l’edificio si collocava, costringendo in parte a riconsiderarne la funzione alla luce delle nuove acquisizioni. Ne emerge una struttura di forte valenza ideologica e di grande impatto scenografico, caratterizzata da una piazza circolare probabilmente definita da due livelli di portici in marmo che facevano da cornice ad un alto monumento centrale, identificabile in una colonna onoraria, che rappresentava il fulcro visivo dell’intera composizione.
La ricostruzione dell'immagine architettonica del macellum-forum di Durazzo. Una piazza circolare su modello costantinopolitano?
BARONIO P
2018-01-01
Abstract
Located on the western edge of the Balkan section of the Via Egnatia, for centuries the city of Durres represented an ideal gateway to the eastern territories of the Roman Empire, serving as a strategic port on the route between Italy and Constantinople throughout the Late Antiquity. The importance of the town between the 5th and 6th centuries is attested by the still surviving massive brick walls that literary sources attribute to the reign of Emperor Anastasius I and by the remains of a large circular building unearthed at the center of the ancient urban plan that is generally identified as a macellum/forum. Recent analysis of this unique public monument in early Byzantine Durres has allowed not only for the creation of a new model of the building, which until now lacked adequate documentation of its archaeological remains, but also for the enriched understanding of certain aspects connected to the graphic restoration of its architectural image, very probably influenced by the aulic model of the magnificent Forum Constantini. The analysis of the masonry technique and of the architectural elements recovered in the area has allowed for the generation of some hypotheses for the reconstruction of its spatial organization, elevations, and the urban context in which it was located, compelling us to reconsider the building’s function in light of the newly acquired data. What emerges is a structure of strong ideological value and great visual impact, characterized by a circular plaza maybe defined by two-level marble porticoes that framed a tall central monument, identifiable as an honorary column, that represented the focal point of the entire composition.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.